[ 136 ] THE SHIP OF THE FUTURE spaces below Deck 8 not covered by HVAC AHU (Air Handling Unit) systems. Steam is also used to heat the water of the central heating system when the retrieved heat from the freshwater cooling system is inadequate. The vessels are equipped with four exhaust gas boilers (one for each generator set) to produce steam for heating purposes. POWER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (PMS) The PMS oversees control of the electrical system, ensuring its safety and efficiency. If power consumption is larger than the power production capacity, load shedding is used to avoid blackout. It is also used to automatically start and stop the diesel generators and batteries as the load varies, and ensures that propulsion is as optimised and efficient as possible, saving fuel and reducing emissions. During peak summer season, the new ships can carry up to 1,437 passengers but far fewer during off-peak sailing. At these times, up to two thirds of the ship can be closed and the power management system will use software to turn off the lighting and ventilation in empty areas, as well as optimising the utilisation of engines, batteries and energy recovered from waste heat. HVAC Cooling of chilled water by means of the sea water plate cooler when ambient air temperature is relatively high and sea water temperature is lower, down to 10° C. During low season or night time layup, the passenger area ventilation is reduced in dedicated areas to minimise energy consumption. CAR DECK AND ENGINE ROOM FANS The ships are equipped with high-efficiency frequency-controlled axial flow fans. All ventilation by dedicated exhaust fans is more efficient than using a supply system or reversible fans with an automatic demand/ supply air quality sensor system installed in all enclosed cargo space areas. In the engine rooms, the electric motors for the fans are controlled according to rpm (revolutions per minute) by frequency converter, with the air flow controlled by temperature and pressure sensors. This matches air supply to the number of generator sets running and the load demand. REFRIGERATION All cold stores are fitted with air curtains in way of the doors to minimise temperature rise when the doors are opened. Cooling fans are interlocked with access doors so that fans stop when doors are open. This interlock also activates the air curtain. WINDOWS Save for the floor-to-ceiling wheelhouse windows, all windows have very high specifications for efficiency and reducing load on HVAC systems with daylight transmittance of about 60 per cent. HIGH-EFFICIENCY PUMPS Efficient pumping minimises energy use and carbon emissions. The pumps are sized to ensure that they operate at their most efficient points, so they don’t waste energy. OPTIMISED HULL The hull has been optimised by the DNV’s advisory service (DNV is the class society that also supervised construction of the newbuilds) together with OSK Design to give the most efficient hullform while still complying with SOLAS 2020 stability regulations. Fin keels were added to improve course stability. Two sets of aftward retractable fin stabilisers with crux closing plates were also fitted to reduce “ The Power Management System oversees control of the electrical system, ensuring its safety and efficiency. If power consumption is larger than the power production capacity, load shedding is used to avoid blackout” Power and energy management system
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